The risk beyond the factory
The pharmaceutical supply chain spans organizations and borders. Counterfeit or adulterated material can create serious consequences, making product integrity a shared operational responsibility.
A historical industry perspective
In the September–October 2016 issue of APICS magazine, PMO Partners’ Reginaldo Montague discussed supply-chain vulnerabilities and the industry’s collaborative response. The source page is a short introduction to that article, not a complete technical guide. Its historical statistics should not be treated as a current measure of global sourcing or product-safety conditions.